Monday, May 25, 2020

secrets of body language - 11913 Words

SECRETS OF BODY LANGUAGE A walk to convey power. A greeting that gets the upper hand. A gesture that can hide a lie. Body language can betray us. When a president s under pressure. Or celebrities in the media glare. Look beyond the words. Their body language says it all. It s a sudden poise. Self-touch gesture. Hot spots. Microexpressions. In this special, experts will dissect the body, the face, and the voice to reveal its hidden meanings, its secrets. This is a world where what we say is all important. They said this day would never come. We hang on every word. Tomorrow, we begin again. Thank you. But are we getting all the message? Older, darker, psychopaths, serial killers handwriting-Research has shown that just 7% of human†¦show more content†¦The body language then revealed just why that was. Almost a physical fight. Many viewed this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well. Think again. There is a great meaning behind who goes through the door fi rst. Here in the West, letting someone through the door first doesn t really matter; it s polite, maybe. But in the Middle East, it has a significant cultural impact. The host, the power person, says: I m in control, I ll help you through the door. I ll show you the way. Throw in the fear and tension present in most Middle East negotiations and suddenly, the desire of both Arafat and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense. This is a classic example, in an extreme way, of how the last man through the door is the winner. Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat grabs his arm, moves around and starts waggling his finger at Barak who then uses it as opportunity to move around to actually be behind. Then grabs Arafat, holds him by the arm and shoves him through the door. You ve got fear and power struggle showing in big bold body language movements. Arafat and Barak are not the only ones to appreciate the significance of the last man through the door move. Even when friends and allies meet, subtle cues reveal who s talked of. 2003. British Prime Minister Tony Blair plays host to President Bush. In this particular example we re looking at, 10 Downing Street, and one would expect TonyShow MoreRelatedSecrets of Body Language775 Words   |  4 PagesSECRETS OF BODY LANGUAGE It is through communication that one exchanges information, expresses ideas, thoughts and feelings. Communication is the basis to establish relationships, and how one communicates determines how effective the message will be according to the speakers intention. In fact, verbal communication only counts 7% of the communication process, meaning body language plays an extremely important role when it comes to communication. Politicians and celebrities areRead MoreThe Video Secrets Of Body Language864 Words   |  4 PagesThree significant aspects that I found in the video Secrets of Body Language are that body language reveals hidden emotions, can affect the way people perceive information, and politicians use it to their advantage. According to the video, people communicate 93 percent through body language and paralinguistic cues. Clues such as small gestures, the pitch of the voice, and one’s facial expression can reveal one’s true emotion to a topic or reveal how they truly feel about an issue. Even those who’veRead MoreNon Verbal Communication : The Secrets Of Body Language Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication. Body language clues can either ease the delivery of the communication message or it can interfere with the communication message being sent. For example, when attempting to portray confidence and power as a leader, simple things such as the placement of one s hand in a handshake or a pat on the back with a colleague can make a huge impact. When attempting to portray honesty while under intense scrutiny, clues such as emotional facial expressions, fidgeting, and body alignment can allRead MoreGeorge Peter Murdocks Theory Of Structural Functionalism953 Words   |  4 Pages In the theory of Structural Functionalism, one believes that society is made up of many parts which depend on each other to work and if one fails, all will fail. Imagine the body; each organ has a set function. If the heart stopped doing what it was supposed to be doing and tried to digest your food, what would happen? Functionalists consider family as an essential building block of society. This is an analogy to decide that if one part of society actually starts failing, the society dies. GeorgeRead MoreHuman Communication: Non Verbal Communication1231 Words   |  5 Pagespercentile. Unconsciously, we use our body language to communicate information to others without saying a word. Take greetings for instance, we extend our hand out well before they approach us to shake it. Those who possess a thorough knowledge of body language hold an advantage over others, especially in politics. In this paper, the influence of nonverbal communication will be examined through observations of various politicians and their campaigns. Politicians’ body cues reveal more about them thanRead MoreBody Language and Effective Communication1172 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Body Language Effective Communication People do not communicate through words alone, or only through writing, speaking and listening. There is another aspect of communication, i.e., nonverbal (non-word). Nonverbal communication is the wordless world of communication. Body language is one of the forms of nonverbal communication, which has been much researched. It is the communication of personal feelings, emotions, attitudes, and thoughts through body movements. Insomuch, society is concernedRead MorePhenomenal Woman Essays1223 Words   |  5 Pagesnor has a great figure to suit a model’s size. She tells that ‘pretty women’ often wonders where the secret of her success lies. Moreover when she reveals her so-called secrets to them, they refuse to believe her. She describes her secret saying that it comes from her confidence, the way she stretches her arms, the way she walks, the rhythm of her hips and also the way she smiles. Her entire body is an expression of womanliness. Maya Angelou concludes the f irst stanza by saying that she is a ‘phenomenalRead MoreWhy Dogs Communicate With Their Owners Through Body Language Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesI. Attention Material A. Dogs communicate with their owners through body language. They tell us when they are happy, nervous, uncomfortable, or possibly ill. They also communicate their intentions, or what action they intend to take if their warning is not recognized and the situation corrected. II. Orienting Material A. Tie to the audience: Dogs communicate their feelings and intentions using their eyes, ears, mouth, teeth, tongue, and tail. It is our job as owners to know what they are sayingRead MoreThe Dogon People of Mali1105 Words   |  4 Pagesare three topographical regions of Africa; the plains, the cliffs, and the plateau, were the dogon tribe is located. Majority of the Dogon population is located along the Cliffs of Bandiagara. The dogon tribe language is classified as Gur or Voltaic, also a member of the Niger-Congo language family. The Dogon tribe is known to be farmers. The crops that they mostly planted were rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. There also known to raise animals such as goats, sheep, and cows. Hunting and fishingRead MoreThe New York Times Stated That In 2016, â€Å"American Adults1152 Words   |  5 Pagescommercial can best be dissected, and attempted to figure out the persuasive techniques, by applying the critical process that is used in media. This p rocess involves description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation. After the breakdown of the Secret deodorant commercial, it is evident that the advertisement contains the hidden-fear technique, the bandwagon effect, and the association principle. The commercial begins with a young woman, presumably fresh out of college, drying a wet stain under

Friday, May 15, 2020

Benchmark Ethical Dilemmas - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1011 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? Benchmark Ethical Dilemmas Performance enhancing drugs can be a huge asset to athletes. There are also extreme health risks associated with these drugs. This drug is currently not illegal yet but has there been any test studies on the health risks? Paul may lose his starting position if he doesnt keep pace with the other members of his team. Using non-illegal performance enhancing drugs is an acceptable method to increase body mass and speed. This paper will address the ethical dilemma of using performance enhancing drugs, from the perspective of a former athlete. Ethical Dilemma Considering the financial upside for an athlete who may consider doping as a means of greater performance to increase their earnings, what do they have to worry about? Even if they are exposed, theyve already reaped the benefits. (Brumagin, 2012) If the drug is not illegal who are we to say if it is right or wrong? Ethical thinking and practices are associated with positive ethics speaks to the professional goal of helping others doing competent, beneficial work. (Etzel Skvarla, 2017) The use of banned drugs can lead to fines and suspensions, but they can also be used medically in the rehabilitation from an injury. Many of these drugs are like hormones that aid in repair of the muscle tissue. Some increase the red blood cell levels. They can also aid in kidney disease. Faster recovery times for sports such as swimming or bicycling. Ethically speaking, PEDs are a beneficial part of sports and medicine. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Benchmark: Ethical Dilemmas" essay for you Create order Core Beliefs Legally his response can be to use or not based on his personal choice. The PED is not a banned substance so there would be no legal implications. Physically, he would assure his starting spot. Besides making Paul quicker, bigger and stronger PEDs also can help him recover after a workout or event. Football is a physically demanding sport that requires speed and strength with quick recovery times. A study by Rogerston and colleagues (2007) nicely illustrates this effect of performance-enhancing drugs. (Linnaeus, 2017) Bench press strength and cycling performance increased vs a placebo group. With results coming in 3 weeks vs the typical 6 to 12 weeks. Increased recovery can be found in Miller and Btaiche (2009)s study showed that oxandrolone (a synthetic derivative of testosterone) improved lean body mass, increased muscle strength, and restored body weight in patients with severe thermal injuries. (Linnaeus, 2017) Spiritually he can be placated by the truth that it is not a banned s ubstance. If at some time in the future the PED becomes banned, then he has a whole new set of facts to consider. Physically, Mentally and Spiritually. Resolution This is a difficult question ethically from a Christians worldview. God blessed us with this body, is it ok for us to alter that blessing? Is there a place for healthy enhancement? (McGarvey, 2007) Lets consider context for a moment. As we are commanded to take dominion over creation to improve the world. At what point is it too much? When does it become a battle against Gods will? Lets take cosmetic surgery, many believers look down on this procedure strictly for vanity sake. However, those same believers have no moral dilemma to use that same cosmetic surgery to restore a burn victim. Therefore, context must be taken into consideration. (McGarvey, 2007) In our PED scenario Paul should pass on using this drug strictly for enhancement purposes. If he was using them to recover from a serious injury the moral compass could be pointed differently. The Bible has a lot to say about sins of the heart and attitude. Whatever happens, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Chr ist (Philippians 1:27) Evaluation The Christian worldview would almost certainly cost Paul his starting position on the football team and possibly the opportunity to go farther in his chosen sport. But, maybe God didnt have being a sports star in Paul future. The Law of unintended consequences holds that almost all human actions have at least one unintended consequence. Unintended consequences are a common phenomenon, due to the complexity of the world and human over-confidence. Author Unknown human over-confidence. Author Unknown The law of unintended consequences is not a divine mandate, but more a proverbial wisdom. (Marquez, 2013) In 1 Peter 1:15 16, we are told, that we are to be holy because our God is holy. Although we strive to this expectation none of us are too good at it. We tend to look for external source to modify our behaviors which is a recipe for failure. The very thing that we thought would save us will eventually crush us (Rom 7:10) Comparison Based off my limited research on Pantheism, it appears that this religions worldview would allow Paul to utilize the science of PEDs. One of the basic concepts states: Respect for reason, evidence and the scientific method as our best ways of understanding nature and the Universe. (Harrison, 1997) With this concept I believe that as a moral question is positive. Gaia links together plants, animals, bacteria, rocks, oceans, and atmosphere in a unity that shapes the planet and maintains life on earth. We are one with the planet and with all life. (Harrison, 1996) This is different for the Christian Worldview in that Christians believe the body was given to us as a perfect being and we should not try to remake Gods creation. Conclusion During the research of for this paper I was a little biased about PEDs. Looking at it from a Christian Worldview showed me some other concepts and ideas. I still believe that since the substance is not banned, and he could lose his starting spot on the team, it behooves him to least get caught up with his other team mates. Ethically for a Christian, context plays a very important factor in moral ambiguity. Unintended consequences could be that Christians are not represented in sports as much. There are other religions in our world and Pantheism is one that I believe would allow Paul to prosper by taking the PEDs. As a former athlete that utilized non-banned enhancements I think Paul is not being a team player.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Literary Elements Of The Flesh And The Spirit - 1472 Words

Literary Elements in â€Å"The Flesh and the Spirit† The struggle between â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† is a conflict in which the human race faces. For puritans, the common substance is only a shadow and immediate, while everything in the Heavens is interminable. Puritans weigh on self-control and thoughtfulness to keep their hearts clean so that after their passing they can enter Heaven and be eternal. The battle between the common substance and religious confidence is regularly so warmed that one can not generally settle on an unmistakable choice. Anne Bradstreet, the author of the poem â€Å"The Flesh and the Spirit† was a puritan woman who lived in the 1600’s. Anne Bradstreet uses voice, imagery, and metaphor to show her inner clash between the humanly†¦show more content†¦The sister who is named Flesh tries to disclose to her sister Spirit that the world is filled with is filled with things to keep them satisfied. Bradstreet directly says the earth is brimming with â€Å"wealth† and †Å"vanity†. Riches is by all accounts the principle objective of the primary sister, not minding potentially how she comes into this riches, however she is set in her view. Yet, Spirit has diverse points in life. Bradstreet states that Spirits thoughts are elsewhere in a â€Å"higher sphere†. Through Bradstreet’s voice it shows she was a sincerely in order individual, and knew how to express her sentiments obviously, or unmistakably in the dialect of that time. Bradstreet moves from a moderate voice to a more convincing, aggressive and confident voice. The poet is trying to bring some seriousness in to draw the reader and keep their attention. She does this in the following stanza: Dost dream of things beyond the Moon And dost thou hope to dwell there soon? Hast treasures there laid up in store That all in th’ world thou count’st but poor? Art fancy-sick or turn’d a Sot To catch at shadows which are not? (15-20) In these lines, Bradstreet is discussing the discourse between the sisters. Spirit tries toShow MoreRelatedPuritanism And Its Negative Portrayal Of The Body1641 Words   |  7 Pagesthe biggest temptations would be The Body. We can identify this by analyzing Puritanism philosophies, their biblical view of the Body, how they were able to resist this urge, and also their literary work. A work from Puritan times that allows us to further explore this idea would be â€Å"The Flesh and the Spirit† by Anne Bradstreet. In Bradstreet’s writing we are able to see how The Body’s immense power over Puritans was a constant threat. This paper will analyze Puritanism and its negative portrayalRead MoreAnalysis Of Romans 8 : 1-11, Between Good And Evil And Spirit And Flesh2595 Words   |  11 PagesRomans 8:1-11, between good and evil and spirit and flesh. Paul, who confronts many issues in Rome, cannot resolve these oppositions. Rather, he proclaims liberation from the ex istential rupture in human nature, formulated by means of the figures that express opposition between flesh and the spirit, through participation in Christ. Romans 8:1-11 proves that living in the Spirit results in ultimate freedom and everlasting life. This freedom in the Spirit then means that the bondage of the law ofRead MoreJourney The Wardrobe Of Parallels1054 Words   |  5 PagesWhile playing hide-in-seek, the youngest child, Lucy discovers a wardrobe that is a gateway that leads to another world called Narnia. Throughout the story there are significant portrayals of Christianity and spiritual symbolism in this inspirational literary masterpiece. The fairytale The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe reveal characters and events that have symbolic similarities that are connected to the events described in the Bible. According to the Oxford Dictionary, the definition of symbolismRead MoreSemiautobiographical Work- Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza by Gloria Anzaldà ºa1286 Words   |  6 PagesEvery writer has the ability to make their writing remarkable, beautiful, and complex by using elements like genre, discourse, and code. Borderlands/ La Frontera: The New Mestiza is a semi-autobiographical work by Gloria Anzaldà ºa. She examines the relations of her lands, languages, and herself overall. She defines the borders she has around herself in the preface of the book: â€Å"The actual physical borderland that I’m dealing with in this book is the Texas-U.S. Southwest/Mexican border. The psychologicalRead More Essay on John Milton’s Paradise Lost - Defense for the Allegory of Sin and Death1574 Words   |  7 Pagesmay dislike Milton’s extended symbolism of Sin and Death since it violates the traditional form of an epic. However From another point of view, an allegor y is an acceptable literary component to an epic because it is considered an element of elevated style. Therefore, other readers may see nothing wrong with Milton’s literary decision. Milton’s poetic license entitles him to write as he pleases and therefore justifies his adaptation of an allegory into his epic. It is clearly apparent thatRead MoreEssay on Frederick Douglass Rhetoric Analysis1236 Words   |  5 Pagesnarrative, Douglass uses diction, structure, imagery, and other stylistic elements to persuade people of the evils that slavery inflicts on both sides of society. In order to reveal the truth behind slavery, Douglass demonstrates his point through his use of diction and structure. Through his diction, Douglass uses words to illustrate the barbarity and inhumanity of slavery. For instance, Douglass describes slaveholders as â€Å"human flesh-mongers† and their actions as â€Å"fiendish barbarity† (Douglass, 21, 27)Read MoreRole Of Being Conscience Of Their People And At Numerous Occasions Speak For The Voiceless1396 Words   |  6 Pagesthat are worth others’ time, but failed in the way we live it out. In this modern Arab world, many writers have blossomed with raging talent. majority of them yearned to express their visions of their societies and of the human condition by using literary masks and creating characters that depicted major issues that were faced throughout the Arab world. Some notable writers are Naguib Mahfouz, AhlamMosteghanemi, NizarQabbani, Mahmoud Darwish, GhassanKanafani and ZakariaTamir who were able to brilliantlyRead MoreMetaphor, Metonymy and Vioce895 Words   |  4 Pageson to the metonymic meaning which she defines as the basis of a relation or association other than that similarity. Paul De Man, a deconstructionist literary critic and theorist, provides a brief summary stating the preference for the metaphor over metonymy by aligning analogy with necessity and contiguity with chance. According to him, â€Å"’the element of truth’ is the product of a purely rhetorical and ultimately metonymical, sleight of hand, therefore over turning the traditional hierarchy and deconstructingRead MoreRepresentation Of The Feminine Of Select Ghost Stories Of Ruskin Bond1552 Words   |  7 Pagesif they aren t immediately apparent. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse certain stories of the supernatural by Bond in order to assess how the character of the female has been represented with a special emphasis on examining an element of the sinister which seems to be associated with each of these women. Whether as ghosts or as real, living individuals, these women exhibit a tendency to inflict harm on other characters which marks them as being decisively dangerous. What this paperRead MoreNotes On The Messiah And The Psalms By Richard P. Belcher Jr.907 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the historical king of that day but these Psalms also point to Jesus the Messiah. As a result, Royal Psalms are indirectly Messianic. According C. Hassell Bullock in his book Encountering the Book of Psalms (Encountering Biblical Studies): A Literary and Theological Introduction â€Å"The common thread that holds these psalms together is the subject of kingship. The most obvious criteria are that they (1) refer to the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œking,’ (2) mention the ‘anointed’ one as a noun or make use of the verb, and (3)

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Modern Economics for Business

Questions: Economic models are false and so the government should ignore their prediction.Discussion and evaluation of the accuracy of this statement? Identify estimates of the price elasticity of demand for at least three different products? Answers: 1.Economic models are false and so the government should ignore their prediction The concept of modern economics has a significant number of twist and turns including factors such as trade, currency aspects, and global growth. By considering the affecting factors leading to economic sustainability Government of a country must identify the loopholes of conventional economic models to predict the outcome of an economy. Clearly, traditional economic models are based on theoretical concepts and historical data to predict the upcoming economic numbers so that financial risks can be identified and risk mitigation plan can be defined (Proto, Squillante, Kacprzyk, 2013). In the current scenario, the government of any country must not only rely on the economic models during the distribution of resources leading to economic prosperity. Due to uncertain economic situations, models can be misleading, to say the least. The conceptual economic models have been designed by following hypothetical reality-based statistics and historical data. Hence, the economic models can be utilised to test the futuristic outcome considering the economic behaviour in the past. Precisely, economic models are subjective by nature as there are no convincing verification methods to support the predicted outcomes (Dohi Yun, 2014). The failure of economic models was seen in the past during the Global financial crisis of 2008-09. Invariably, the subjective nature of economic models must not be considered as evident in determining financial as well as economic prediction of a country. As the economic models are constructed on the basis of assumption, the accuracy of the models should be questioned. By identifying the approximation based subjective economic models, governments of the developed, as well as the emerging nations, must refrain from economic predictions. Meanwhile, there are two types of economic models i.e. empirical and theoretical models. Understandably, the accuracy of both the models can be questioned as there are certain limitations of the model that may lead to wrong predictions (Beath, Chow, Corsi, 2013). Most importantly, each of the models has been created based on different assumptions. Hence, a number of economic models can deliver different outcomes even if the same set of data can be used. Lack of explanation in the economic models can be another major issue. Therefore, the reliability of the economic models must be argued (Siliverstovs, 2017). Conclusively, the analysis of the economic models and the methods of creating the models have produced a significant number of questioned to be answered. Therefore, the governments of the countries must consider the errors that can be involved in making a projection using economic models. Due to the issue of accuracy, the government must give a second thought before applying economic models to determine financial projections. Affirmatively, the economic models cannot be replaced at once. Therefore, a number of economists must be selected to recalibrate the economic models before applying the models to practical field. Precisely, it is mandatory for the governments to use the most significant and calculated models to identify the financial issues. 2. Price Elasticity of three different products The concept of price elasticity of demand is used to measure the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to the change in the price of a product. The price elasticity of demand helps in analysing the quantity demanded of a commodity before and after the change of price. Furthermore, it helps the manufacturers to identify the change in the revenue earned due to the change in the price of the goods (Marnay, Siddiqui, Bartholomew, 2014). There are five types of elasticity of demand that are known as perfectly elastic demand, highly elastic demand, elastic demand, inelastic demand, and perfectly inelastic demand. The equation used to calculate the price elasticity of demand for a product is presented herein below: Price Elasticity of Demand It is important to note that the price elasticity of demand varies from one product to another due to the utility provided by the product to the consumers. The more the utility is provided by the product, the lesser will be the elasticity of demand while other factors remain constant (Karlan Zinman, 2013). In other words, the more the product is purchased by the consumers on a regular basis, the lesser will be the elasticity of demand. But, the elasticity of demand is also influenced by several other factors such as substitution and income level of the people. The elasticity of demand of three different products is presented herein below: Sugar Sugar is considered as a necessary product that is used on a daily basis for cooking and other commercial purposes. When the price of sugar changes until a particular point, the quantity demanded for the product does not change. For example, when the price of sugar increases from $3 to $6, the quantity demanded remains constant at 4 units. Hence, the price elastic of demand for sugar is zero at any point of price. A diagram has been presented below for better understanding: Figure: Perfectly Inelastic Demand Source: (Rassenfosse Potterie, 2011) Diamond Diamond is bought rarely due to its high price, which makes it a ultimately luxury product with few alternatives. The consumer can buy some other gems, but it will not have the same appeal as diamonds. Hence, a cut in the price of diamond will not impact its demand by a high level (Sabatelli, 2016). For example, when the price of diamond falls from $100 thousands to $70 thousand, the demand of the product will hardly increase from 200 units to 220 units. Hence, the percentage change in price is 30 percent and the percentage change in the demand is 10 percent. Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for diamond is less than 1, which makes it have an inelastic demand. A diagram has been presented herein below for better understanding: Figure: Inelastic Demand Source: (Rassenfosse Potterie, 2011) Chocolate Chocolate such as Dairy Milk operates in a competitive market and has a huge number of substitute products. Hence, a small rise in the price will make the customers move to some other chocolate brand in the market. For example, when the price of Dairy Milk increases from $80 to $100, the quantity demanded will decrease from 360 units to 200 units. Hence, the percentage change in price is 20 percent, whereas the percentage change in quantity is around 44 percent. Therefore, the price elasticity of chocolate is more than 1, which makes it have a highly elastic demand. A diagram has been presented herein below for better understanding: Figure: Highly Elastic Demand Source: (Rassenfosse Potterie, 2011) References Beath, J., Chow, G., Corsi, P. (2013). Evaluating the Reliability of Macro-Economic Models.The Economic Journal,93(372), 926. Dohi, T. Yun, W. (2014).Advanced reliability modeling(1st ed.). Singapore: World Scientific. Karlan, D. Zinman, J. (2013).Long-run price elasticities of demand for credit(1st ed.). London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Marnay, C., Siddiqui, A., Bartholomew, E. (2014).Empirical analysis of the spot market implications of price-elastic demand(1st ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Proto, A., Squillante, M., Kacprzyk, J. (2013).Advanced dynamic modeling of economic and social systems(1st ed.). Berlin: Springer. Rassenfosse, G. Potterie, B. (2011). On the Price Elasticity of Demand for Patents.Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics,74(1), 58-77. Sabatelli, L. (2016). Correction: Relationship between the Uncompensated Price Elasticity and the Income Elasticity of Demand under Conditions of Additive Preferences.PLOS ONE,11(4), e0154487. Siliverstovs, B. (2017). Dissecting models' forecasting performance.Economic Modelling.