High Employee Turnover Among Travel Agencies in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

High Employee Turnover Among Travel Agencies in Malaysia Essay 1.0 Introduction The tourism industry in Malaysia has grown immensely due to its potential and unique competitive edge. The sector has increased its importance within the Malaysian economy, since the 1990’s according to Bashir, M. and Ahmad, N., et al. (2008). It carries on to be a leading foreign exchange achiever, continually acting as a crucial contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, business and employment opportunity, investments, and empowering the balance of payments account. Within the last decade, the tourism industry has made rapid progression and this progression is reflected in the increase of tourist arrivals and receipts. Tourist arrivals have increased significantly by almost 59% from 10.22 million in 2000 to 25.03 million in 2012 (Corporate.tourism.gov.my, n.d.). Tourism receipts in Malaysia contributed 56% of the total services receipts average between 2008 and 2012, generating a surplus in the country’s balance of payments accounts (Corporate.tourism.gov.my, n.d.). The tourism sector has become the second-largest contributor towards economic growth of currency exchange (Table 1). Table 1. Tourist Arrivals Receipts to Malaysia Source: (Tourism Malaysia, 2013) In a recent study, Mazumder et al. (2011) concluded that tourism not only impacts service sectors but contributes substantially to all sectors of the Malaysian economy. The economic after-effect of tourism exists extensively within the expansion of the globalization process; this in turn increases the industry’s development worldwide. Furthermore, it not only generates a ripple effect but boosts the intersectoral links within the economy, through these links; international tourism consumption will impact nearly all sectors of the economy. Therefore, looking at how important this industry is for the economy, this report aims to find methods to retain employees in various sectors of the travel sector with the main focus towards travel agencies. 1.1 Issue The main issue being assessed in this report is focused on high staff turnover. However the main component of this research is strongly related to â€Å"turnover intent†, rather than turnover itself. 1.2 Study Aim In today’s competitive world, the travel industry has proved to become one of the most unique tools used for economic progression. Along with that, it has also helped improve social incorporation and multinational interpretation and understanding of diverse cultures. This allows travel agencies to expand target markets. Moreover, also in this unstable business environment, travel agencies that wish to succeed need to be accepting of change. They need to be able to not only meet but also surpass the threats and opportunities presented to them by their competitors. Numerous researches have been carried out to study the relation between turnover intent and job satisfaction. However, little interest is given to travel agencies, although they make up an important part of the tourism industry. When turnover intent occurs among service occupations such as those of the travel industry, there is not only a negative impact on the management and firms but also on the servic e and products quality, hence this may show a negative result in customer satisfaction. This research discusses how travel agencies need to focus on employee management and retention. The main issue being assessed is focused on high staff turnover intent among employees in travel agencies. 1.3 Research Objectives 1) The factors that influence turnover intent among newcomers in travel agencies. 2) To provide recommendation that could prevent or at least reduce this issue. 1.4 Purpose of study According to Kennedy and Berger (1994), turnover rate is generally at its highest among those employees who are newcomers in the company, and occurs within the duration of the first four weeks on the job. Therefore, the first objective is to identify factors that influence turnover intent among newcomers in travel agencies. However, every problem also normally has a solution or at least if there is no specific solution, there are various methods that can be applied to ‘control’ the problem. Hence, understanding the methods that can either solve or control turnover intent is the second objective of this research. 2.0 Literature Review Employee turnover is deliberated as an obstacle to attaining high levels of productivity and efficacy in business jobs or operations (Deery Shaw, 1997), especially in the travel industry, where the relationship among employees and customers is crucial. A high employee turnover rate is a major factor that reflects a decrease in customer satisfaction; this in turn impacts a loss in repeat customers and reputation of being a good business. Prior researches state that the more work experience an individual has, the less likely they are to leave (Boles et al., 1995). It was also said that hiring individuals who have experience within the travel industry could reduce turnover intent among travel agencies. 2.1 Defining job turnover intent Turnover can be defined as the decision to withdraw from current jobs by taking part in a series of psychological steps (Mobley, 1977): ââ€" ¡ Evaluation of job ââ€" ¡ Experienced job dissatisfaction ââ€" ¡ Thinking of quitting ââ€" ¡ Evaluation of expected utility search and cost of quitting ââ€" ¡ Interaction to search for alternatives ââ€" ¡ Search for alternatives ââ€" ¡ Evaluation of alternatives ââ€" ¡ Comparison of alternatives vs. present job ââ€" ¡ Intention to quit/stay ââ€" ¡ Quit/Stay 2.2 Factors influencing job turnover intent There are a number of factors that have been associated with turnover intent in studies that have been conducted in the past. However, most researches have mainly focused on personal differences, age, education, knowledge, income, gender, and job level to name a few determinants that have been identified to influence job satisfaction (Fournet et al., 1996). Researchers believe that age, tenure, job level, and income are associated with job satisfaction (Herzberg et al., 1957). Mei-Chih et al. (2007) showed there is a relationship between job satisfaction and age. According to De Vaney and Chen (2003) age has an effect on job satisfaction. Results from several studies indicate that there is a relationship between sex and job satisfaction (Bilgic, 1998; Lumpkin Tudor, 1990; Goh Koh, 1991 and Oshagbemi, 2000). Some studies conducted by Lumkin Tudor (1990) and Stedham Yamamura (2003) showed that female managers are given less pay and are he nce, surely less satisfied with their compensation, promotions, and overall work satisfaction. Studies established that job occupancy has been determined as a factor related to job satisfaction (Herzberg et al, 1957; Lee Wilbur, 1985; Schuh, 1967). Sokoya (2000) instituted that there is a major difference between job occupancy and job satisfaction. Raymond and Elizabeth (1985) demonstrated that job occupancy has impact on job satisfaction. Cotton Tuttle (1986) focused their theory on the supplements of turnover and then into their factors: (1) external correlates; (2) structural or work-related factors; (3) personal characteristics of employees. In a different, more recent study conducted by Griffith et al. (2000), gave a more comprehensive explanation about antecedents of turnover. These antecedents were classified into four groups, these include: 1) Demographic predictors 2) Job satisfaction, organization factors, work environment factors 3) Job content, external environment factors 4) Other behavioral predictors 3.0 Methodology The research conducted for this study is qualitative, using the probability method for selection of candidates. The primary method was interviews conducted focusing on focusing on the factors that influence ‘turnover intent’ among employees. Whereas, the interviews helped grasp knowledge as to why employers/managers think ‘turnover intent’ occurs and what sort of precautionary measures can be implemented to control or better reduce turnover intent. Then secondary information was gathered on previous studies regarding the same issue i.e. turnover intent among employees in travel agencies. This information was found through books, journals, and reliable websites. 3.1 Interviews Technique The survey was conducted amongst employees of five different travel agencies. The employees were selected at random to avoid any biasness. The interviews on the other hand, were conducted amongst people at the top of the food-chain in the tourism and travel industry in Malaysia. Interviewees were selected at random to gain perspective from various individuals regarding the same issue. 3.3 SIZE OF SAMPLE As mentioned previously, the survey was conducted among employees from five different travel agencies in Malaysia. Within each of these travel agencies, 7 employees from any department were selected to fill out the survey at random. The total number of survey samples analysed were 30, although the total number of survey forms distributed personally were 35. The reason was that every respondent may not fill in the form completely and correctly and therefore, out of 35 survey’s 30 properly filled out surveys were carefully examined to ensure validity of results. The survey was also made available online on surveymonkey.com to gather results in a convenient and fast method. This information gave insight for the thoughts of employees from different regions and states in Malaysia. The interviews were conducted with five individuals who are managers or CEO’s at the five travel agencies from where the employees were surveyed. 3.4 SAMPLING PROCEDURE There are different methods of distributing the surveys; by post, e-mail, or personally. For this particular research the surveys were distributed personally and also conducted online to receive results from travel agencies that are out of reach. Also a higher number of responses increased the accuracy of results. 4.0 Findings and Discussion 5.0 Recommendations So many questions arise as to what factors cause turnover intentions among employees in travel agencies, one of the questions is: Could the problem possibly root from the tourism education and training itself? Since, the operations of travel agencies are not very precise and adequate (i.e. there is no exact procedure to be followed in jobs of those working in travel agencies), it may be possible that students who graduate with a diploma/degree in tourism related studies are not well-prepared to deal with globalization and the effects it has on the tourism industry. Therefore, training and development has an important impact on the development of skilled professionals prepared for the business operations taking part in travel agencies on a daily basis.

Australian Consumer Law within the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (A

Australian Consumer Law is a uniform law nationally, meant to protect the consumer and help them have a fair trading environment. It has three general protections which are; specific bans on unconscionable conduct in some business transactions and consumer transactions, and a general ban on unconscionable conduct in commerce or trade, a general ban on deceptive or misleading conduct in commerce or trade, and a provision that nullifies unfair contract terms in consumer contracts . This paper is a discussion about Australian Consumer Law, focusing on what it is, how it is applied, the difference from the previous law, its sections; specifically section 18, the effect on State laws, and its limits considering the common law application. These are discussed under specific questions as given below. What is the application of the ACL in Australia? How was the introduction of new legislation important for the whole of Australia? Is the legislation state or Commonwealth legislation? The Australian Consumer law is single national law about fair trading and consumer protection. It is uniform in each State and Territory, as well as nationally. This law was implemented in January 2011, and provides the consumers with the same expectations and protections about business conduct in Australia. Businesses are also guided by this law about their obligation whenever they operate in Australia. The Australian Consumer Law is a replacement of 20 different national consumer laws and applies as the Commonwealth law of Australia. It clarifies understanding of the law for businesses as well as consumers . It is an agenda to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, and it is implemented by all Australian courts and tribunals including those of Territo... ...ational_reforms_to_consumer_laws.page---LX Queensland Government, 2013, Office of Fair Trading: Australian Consumer Law. Retrieved from: http://www.fairtrading.qld.gov.au/australian-consumer-law.htm---L2 The Law Hand Book, 2013, Australian consumer law. Retrieved from: http://www.lawhandbook.org.au/handbook/ch12s03s01.php---L6---L5 Toth, R., 2014,The Australian Consumer Law: 10 Key Changes for Australian Business. Retrieved from; http://www.wisewouldmahony.com.au/index.php?id=314---L4 Wadlow, C., 2011, The Law of Passing-off: Unfair Competition by Misrepresentation, London, Sweet & Maxwell.---L7 Vout, P., 2013, Unconscionability and good faith in business transactions, National Commercial Law Seminar Series. Retrieved from: http://www.law.monash.edu.au/centres/commercial-law-group/unconscionability-and-good-faith-in-business-transactions-paul-vout.pdf--K2

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 26

Unfortunately, Roman wasn't entirely joking. â€Å"What are you doing?† I exclaimed when we got back to my apartment. He'd flounced on my couch and promptly grabbed a remote. There was no sign of my car on the street, but if Seth had driven it back, Carter-transportation would have arrived much more quickly. â€Å"I have nowhere to go,† he said mildly. Aubrey strolled out from the bedroom and jumped up next to him. â€Å"You just got amnesty from an archdemon. That's unheard of for a nephilim. I thought you wanted to put down roots? Why don't you go get a place in the suburbs? Work on your lawn?† â€Å"No one wants to live there.† I raked my hand through my hair in exasperation and then immediately rearranged it. God, I'd missed shape-shifting. If I was going to be damned, I might as well enjoy the perks. â€Å"You can't stay here. This place isn't big enough.† â€Å"I don't mind the couch.† I prepped myself for a rant, but then someone knocked at the door. Part of me hoped it would be Seth, even though that was pretty impossible. There was no immortal signature, which meant my visitor was a human. Yes, I'd definitely missed my abilities, even if they had strings attached. I opened the door and found Maddie. â€Å"Hey,† she said cheerily. â€Å"Hey,† I said, not sure I matched her enthusiasm. â€Å"Come in.† She stepped through, then faltered when she saw Roman. â€Å"Oh, I'm sorry. I didn't mean to interrupt-â€Å" Roman hopped up from the couch. â€Å"No, no. I'm just an old friend. Roman.† He extended his hand. She shifted some papers she was holding and shook his hand in return. Her smile returned. â€Å"I'm Maddie. Nice to meet you.† She turned to me. â€Å"You got a sec? I was on my way to work and wanted to show you something.† She handed the papers over to me. They were in-depth reports of the new condo over on Alki Beach. There were detailed price listings, as well as room-by-room photos of one unit in particular. It wasn't finished yet. The floor was only a foundation, and the drywall wasn't painted. Nonetheless, the pictures were clear and gave a good idea of the spacious layout. One picture showed a balcony that opened up to a breathtaking view of the water and the Seattle skyline beyond. It was nothing like what Seth and I had shared, but it was nice. Roman, peering over my shoulder, let out a low whistle. â€Å"Nice.† I elbowed him out of my personal space. â€Å"Where'd you get these?† Maddie smiled. â€Å"You said you were busy, so I went over there myself and talked to the builder. This is the only one left, and they let me go through and take pictures.† I jerked my head up. â€Å"You took all these?† â€Å"I knew how stressed you were and wanted to help. Look, keep going, and you can see all the options you can still get. There are the floor choices: maple, bamboo, cherry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I took a deep breath to steady myself. Maddie hadn't just printed out info for me. After all that searching and fine-tuning, she'd actually gone out of her way to assemble an entire dossier on this place, a place I'd just been acknowledging at random to make her feel better. â€Å"They've got a realtor on-site, but you can get your own too,† she continued. â€Å"Someone else was just looking at it, but the guy said if you were interested and put a bid in soon, he'd consider it along with the other person's.† â€Å"Look,† piped in Roman. â€Å"Two bedrooms.† â€Å"Maddie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I swallowed. â€Å"You shouldn't have done this.† She gave me a quizzical look. â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"It was too much work.† â€Å"Whatever. Besides, after all the stuff you've done for me? Georgina, this is nothing. Are you going to go talk to them? I'll go with you if you want.† I sank down onto the couch, flipping through the pages without really comprehending them. I'd been angry when she and Seth hooked up. I had no right, however. She hadn't known about our past. And if I hadn't been so dead-set on keeping things secret, if she had known Seth and I had dated, I felt absolutely certain she would have never, ever gotten together with him. Because she was my friend. I felt a burning in my eyes and willed myself not to cry. I didn't entirely know what I'd done to deserve that kind of friendship. She was a good person. She believed the best in me-just as Seth did. In this dark phase, Seth had never given up on me. Both of them were so good, so kind. And at the end of the day, there really wasn't much of that among humans. Carter had said that if there were no other complications in the world, I would be the one Seth chose. But we did have complications. I still refused to hurt him because of sex, and that problem was now in full effect again. He'd thrown himself into danger for me on the beach. There would always be danger with the life I led-danger for him, not me. I wanted him badly, wanted to reestablish what we'd had, but if I did, I'd only be subjecting him to more of this rollercoaster existence. I'd deny him a normal life, a normal love. I couldn't do that to him, no matter what he said about trying it again. Just because things don't work out, it doesn't mean there aren't other people you can't love. Love is too big a thing for you to go without it in life. At least for humans it was. I wanted Seth and Maddie to have that. I wanted them to have the dream I couldn't have. Maddie's expression softened as she peered at me. â€Å"Why are you looking at me like that?† I swallowed and gave her smile. â€Å"Just still amazed you did all this.† â€Å"Will you go take a look?† she asked excitedly. â€Å"Yeah. I will.† This earned me a hug and a smile, and then she had to scurry off to work. I sat back down on the couch, papers still clutched in my hands. Roman sat down opposite me. â€Å"You're going to end it, aren't you?† His voice was surprisingly gentle. â€Å"With Mortensen?† â€Å"Yeah. I mean, I knew we would, but it didn't hit me until just now. We were deluding ourselves†¦caught up by a temporary situation. They deserve to be with each other, and I shouldn't have done what I did to her.† I sighed. â€Å"Nyx tricked me with the dream. It wasn't real.† Without thinking much about it, I rested my hand on my stomach. Even if there'd been any chance of getting pregnant while in stasis, it was gone now. â€Å"It might be real for them, though.† Roman looked so pained, so sympathetic that it was hard to imagine he still wanted to kill me. Though I was pretty sure he did. â€Å"I'm sorry,† he said. â€Å"Sorry you can't have your man and your daughter. I'm even sorry you can't have your cats.† I glanced over at where Aubrey slept, recalling the tortoiseshell cat from the dream. â€Å"Well, I think she's happier being an only child anyway.† Seth showed up later that evening. Roman was mercifully gone, off to buy groceries. No matter my protests, he seemed intent on staying with me. I thought about complaining to Jerome but was pretty sure my boss wouldn't appreciate such a petty concern right now. If he was still even my boss. I was taking no news as good news for now. Seth handed me my car keys as he walked in. â€Å"It's out behind the building.† â€Å"Thanks.† â€Å"Sorry I took off like that. I didn't want to†¦God, that was so hard.† â€Å"It was what I wanted,† I told him. We stood a couple feet apart, hesitant to get much closer. â€Å"I'm glad you listened to me.† â€Å"I wasn't going to, you know. As soon as I got off the phone with that demon-and let me tell you, that was weird-I was going to head right back, and†¦I don't know. I don't know what I would have done. I would have stood by you.† â€Å"You could have gotten yourself killed.† He shrugged, like that was inconsequential. â€Å"I did actually head back, and then†¦then I saw Dante.† I crossed my arms, still fearful about approaching him, largely because I was afraid I'd throw myself at him. â€Å"I knew that's what you'd done. But why? You don't like him. You know what kind of person he is.† Seth nodded. â€Å"I don't like him, but†¦they would have killed him, wouldn't they?† I thought about Jerome, that cold and barely repressed anger in his eyes. He'd been pissed off, and I knew it must have killed him to not be able to take his wrath out on Grace. There were taboos about directly harming and interfering with mortals, but well, it wasn't unheard of, and there were always loopholes. He would have gotten in less trouble for it than for smiting Grace. â€Å"Well,† I said, â€Å"let's just say, they would have at least made him suffer considerably.† â€Å"I figured. And I couldn't let that happen†¦not even to him. What he did was wrong-it seriously messed things up for you and put you at risk. But in some bizarre, crazy way, he did it because he loved you. And I'm not sure someone should be tortured for that. And†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Seth studied me carefully. â€Å"I had a feeling you wouldn't have wanted that.† He was right. No matter how much I'd been hurt, despite the betrayal†¦I had cared about Dante. I still did a little. â€Å"God, I have to stop getting involved with unstable men. Where is he now?† â€Å"I dropped him off at his place. He started coming around and was able to walk and everything.† â€Å"If he has any sense, he'll be long gone. I think Jerome'll have a long memory.† â€Å"And, so†¦things are back to normal?† I took awhile to answer. â€Å"Yeah. I'm back in full succubus glory.† He turned away and began pacing. â€Å"I knew it would happen†¦knew this was coming, and yet†¦I kept pretending it wouldn't.† â€Å"Me too. I think somewhere in my head, I had this fantasy that I could find Jerome and still be with you.† Seth stopped and looked at me. â€Å"We still can be. I meant what I said†¦that I would try again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I met his gaze levelly. â€Å"What about Maddie?† â€Å"I†¦I would end it with her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Do you love her?† My words were blunt. I think I caught him by surprise. â€Å"Yes†¦but it's different. Different from the way I love you.† â€Å"It doesn't matter,† I said. â€Å"You and I can't be together. If you have a chance to be happy, then you need to take it. We can't do this to her again. It's wrong. She doesn't deserve it.† â€Å"I told you I'd end things with her first if we were getting back together. I can't cheat anymore.† â€Å"You can't break up,† I said, surprised by the vehemence in my own voice. â€Å"She loves you. You love her. And after what we did to her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You want me to stay with her as some sort of compensation?† I balked. â€Å"Well, no†¦not exactly. But you guys deserve each other. You deserve to be happy. And you aren't ever going to be happy with me. It's going to always be up and down-just like before.† â€Å"I'm starting to think all relationships are like that,† he said wearily. â€Å"I still don't want to hurt you. I can't stand that-I can't forget what Hugh said, about how that would destroy you. And yet†¦something keeps pulling us back. I told you-we're never going to be able to stay apart.† I knew exactly what he meant, but I didn't say so. â€Å"I thought ending things before would fix all that, that the short-term pain would be worth the long-term stability. But I was wrong. We just found a whole new set of problems, and Maddie's in the middle. I'm willing to try again†¦no matter how hard it is.† â€Å"You were right to end it with us,† I said harshly. â€Å"And I'm not willing to do it again.† He stared at me, shocked. My words were a lie, of course. Part of me wanted to try again, to endure anything to be with him. But I couldn't stop thinking about Maddie. Couldn't stop thinking about the hurt she would go through. It was ironic, really. Last time, he'd gone out of his way to hurt me purposely because it was for the greater good. Now I was doing the same for both of them, saving her from heartache and him from more grief with me. We were in an endless cycle. â€Å"You can't mean that. I know you can't.† His face was a mixture of incredulity and pain. I shook my head. â€Å"I do. You and me are a disaster. What we did during this stasis†¦it was wrong. It was disgraceful. Immoral. We betrayed someone who loves both of us, who wishes nothing but the best for us. How could we do that? What kind of precedent is that? How could we expect to have a solid relationship that was built on that sort of sordid foundation? One that was built on lies and deceit?† Saying those words hurt. It was tarnishing the beauty of these precious few days we had, but I needed to make my case. Seth was silent for several moments as he assessed me. â€Å"You're serious.† â€Å"Yes.† I was a good liar, good enough that the person who loved me most couldn't tell. â€Å"Go back to her, Seth. Go back to her and make it up to her.† â€Å"Georgina†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I could see it, see it hitting him. The full weight of betraying Maddie was sinking in. His nature couldn't ignore the wrong he'd done. It was part of his good character, the character that had gone back to save Dante, the character that was going to make him leave me. Again. Hesitantly, he extended his hand to me. I took it, and he pulled me into an embrace. â€Å"I will always love you.† My heart was going to burst. How many times, I wondered, could I endure this kind of agony? â€Å"No, you won't,† I said. â€Å"You'll move on. So will I.† Seth left not long after that. Staring at the door, I replayed my own words. You'll move on. So will I. In spite of how much he loved me, how much he was willing to risk, I truly felt he'd go back to Maddie, that he'd believe what I said. I'd driven home the guilt, made it trump his love for me. You'll move on. So will I. The unfortunate part about being a good liar, however, was that while I could get other people to believe my words, I didn't believe them myself.

Understanding the Japanese Phrase Sore De Kimatta

Learn how to pronounce the Japanese phrase sore de kimatta and what it means in English. Meaning Done! Pronunciation Listen to the audio file for Sore de kimatta Japanese Characters 㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 §Ã¦ ± ºÃ£  ¾Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š 㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 §Ã£  Ã£  ¾Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š